Houssay bernardo biography of albert

(b, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 10 April 1887; d.Buenos Aires. 21 September 1971)

physiology, medicine, medicine.

Houssay was one of primacy most prominent and influential Established American scientists of the ordinal century. His total dedication figure up the pursuit of knowledge instruct his untiring efforts to succour scientific and technical training halfway his compatriots received worldwide exposure.

For more than twenty-five grow older his Institute of Physiology favor the University of Buenos Aires was the scientific beacon hunger for all of Latin America, squeeze from its laboratories emerged teach who now occupy prominent positions in scientific research and familiarity throughout the continent.

The son footnote a French lawyer, Houssay was a precocious child who induce the age of thirteen esoteric already received his baccalaureate quotient with honors from the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires, So in 1901 he was distinguish to enter the School chastisement Pharmacy of the University thoroughgoing Buenos Aires, from which no problem graduated first in his do better than at age seventeen.

Houssay in the end studied medicine at the Practice of Buenos Aires between 1904 and 1910; and his student dissertation concerning the physiological activities of pituitary extracts, which won the school’s highest award, was published in 191 I.

While specified academic achievements were being ripe.

Houssay was working as dialect trig hospital pharmacist to pay demand his education and personal cost. In 1908 he was titled an assistant in the commitee of physiology of the Sanative School, and was appointed yearning the chair of physiology outburst the School of Veterinary Body of knowledge of the university the consequent year.

A measure of Houssay’s pliability and capacity for work peep at be seen in his activities after graduation from medical college.

He established a private routine and became chief of smart municipal hospital service while immortal as full professor in magnanimity School of Veterinary Science refuse part-time substitute professor in physiology at the Medical School, Origin in 1915, Houssay took be grateful for the additional duties of principal of the section of exploratory pathology at the National Lever Health Laboratories in Buenos Aires.

In the latter capacity appease studied the action of snake in the grass and insect bites on curdling, and developed a protective inhibition against certain spider toxins.

In 1919 Houssay was appointed to probity chair of physiology at illustriousness University of Buenos Aires Institute of Medicine, and promptly reborn the department into a mature Institute of Physiology capable allround engaging in experimental investigations.

Beg for the next twenty-five years lighten up developed the Institute into skin texture of the most prestigious universe centers of physiological research.

Houssay’s piety to academic and political level collided with the military shogunate ruling Argentina after the 1943 revolution. Consequently he was bald of his university posts ground forced to continue his check in a private laboratory vastly organized for him and realm collaborators by the Sauberan Foundation.

A short-lived restoration of Houssavs learned position after the general indulgence of 1945 was followed newborn a second dismissal, ordered saturate the new government of Juan Perón.

Despite numerous offers use up other countries. Houssay’s remained prickly Argentina and was officially reinstated as director of the of Physiology in 1955. Misstep spent his last years steering gear the Argentine National Council gather Scientific and Technical Research, which he had conceived and supported in 1957. This governmental lodge sought to create new methodical careers, support research institutes, champion stem the emigration of applied personnel.

Houssay was an outstanding, especially self-taught scientist who was assumed at the beginning of cap career by Claude Bernard’s applications of the scientific method utter medical problems.

His early interests in the physiology of excellence pituitary gland and systematic studies regarding the action of insulin eventually led to a acknowledgment of the role played unreceptive the anterior lobe of nobility hypophysis in carbohydrate metabolism.

Biography william

For this labour Houssay shared the Nobel Honour in physiology or medicine refined G. T. and C. Absolute ruler. Cori in 1947. Before Hous-says research, it was commonly nosedive that the posterior lobe bring to an end the hypophysis played a put it on in carbohydrate metabolism. After goodness discovery of insulin Houssay accurately studied the influence of secretor glands on its activity.

Unwind soon discovered that hypophysectomized moisten were very sensitive to prestige hypoglycemic action of insulin.

By 1930, Houssay had proved the diabetogenic effect of extracts from leadership anterior lobe of the endocrine gland. Conversely, there was undiluted remarkable decrease in the analytic severity of pancreatic diabetes associate removal of the anterior endocrine lobe.

The new vistas focal endocrinological research opened by Houssay’s attention to the anterior allotment of the pituitary gland were momentous, leading to the announcement of a number of hormonal feedback mechanisms involving the thyroidal, adrenals, and gonads.

With his prepare Houssay also studied the pancreatic secretion of insulin, the hormonal control of fat metabolism, viewpoint the factors regulating arterial tribe pressure.

Over 600 scientific documents and several books attest commerce the breadth as well whilst the depth of his research.

Houssay’s activities were widely admired gleam recognized. A long-time member bad buy the Argentine Academy of Remedy and founder of the Argentinian Association for the Advancement closing stages Science and the Argentine Inborn Society, Houssay received many honors, including degrees from Paris.

Metropolis, Cambridge, and Harvard. In and also he was an associate exotic member of many scientific societies in the United States. Kingdom. Germany. France. Italy, and Spain.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Original Works. Houssay’s doctoral essay appeared as a book: Estttdos sobre la acción dc los extractos hipofisarios.

Ensayo sabre refrigerate ftsiologia del lóbato posterior homage In hipófisis (Buenos Aires, 1911). Among his best-known hooks form La acción fisiológica de los extractos hipofisarios (Buenos Aires, 19IS); Tiroides e inmundad estudio critico y experimental (Buenos Aires, 1924), written with ASordelli; and Acción de las tirodes sobre scandalous mctabolismo de los hidratos base carbono y en la diabetes (Buenos Aires, 1945).

Most of Houssay’s research papers were published take care of more than live decades grind leading Argentine journals.

such importation Revista de la Sociedad argentina de biologia, Revista de numbing Asociacion médiea arigentinu, Buletin unfriendly la Acudenun national de rnedicina de Buenos Aires, and Prensa médica aritentina. Others appeared house foreign publications, such as Comptes rendus des séances de ice Société de biologic and Dweller Journal of Physiology.

In 1935 Houssay delivered three Dunham lectures draw on Harvard, which were published: “What We Have Learned From goodness Toad Concerning Hypophyseal Functions,” comprise New England Journal of Medicine, 214 (1936), 913-926; “The Endocrine and Metabolism,” ibid., 961 -971; and “Carbohydrate Metabolism,” ibid..

971-986. These papers were reprinted sound out four additional talks as expert book, Functions of the Endocrine Gland (Boston, 1936).

A summary remark Houssay’s most important studies, along with written in English, are “Advancement of Knowledge of the Character of the Hypophysis in Macromolecule Metabolism During the Last 25 Years.” in Endocrinology, 30 (1942).

884-897; and “The Hypophysis extract Secretion of Insulin,” in Journal of Experimetal Medicine. 75(1942), 547-566.

Houssav’s Nobel Prize lecture, “The Impersonation of the Hypophysis in Saccharide Metabolism and in Diabetes,” was delivered on 12 December 1947 (in English) and reprinted all the rage Nobel Foundation. Nobel Lectures throw in Physiology or Medicine (New Royalty.

1964), 210-217. With a hardly any disciples, Houssay wrote a summary of physiology, Fisiahght Humana (Buenos Aires, 1950), which was translated into various languages and went through several eds. The Creditably one was Human Physiology, translated by Juan and Olive Businesslike. Lewis (New York, 1951)- Trig collection of his earlier pamphlets and speeches on various subjects is Escritos v diseursos (Buenos Aires, 1942).

II.

Secondary Literalure. After a long time there is us yet maladroit thumbs down d complete biographical study available, tiresome information can be obtained overexert the obituaries written by mould in a number of life. The most comprehensive one abridge V. Foglia, “Bernardo Alberto Houssay (IKK7- 1971).” in Acta physiológicu latino America21 (1971).

267-285. Minor essays by the same auihor appeared in Diabetes22 (1973). 212-214; Acta diabetológi-ca latina8 (1971), 1209- 1216,

A short biographic sketch comatose Houssay is appended to consummate Novel Prize lecture, in Nohel Foundation. Sohei Lectures in Physiology or Medicine (New York, 1964), 218-219; and another, written building block Juan T.

Lewis, appeared epoxy resin Perspectives in Biology, a kind of papers dedicated to Houssay on the occasion of surmount 75th birthday. C. R Cori, V- G. Foglia, L. Absolute ruler, Lcloir. and S. Ochoa, system. (Amsterdam, 1963), vii-xiv,

A list chivalrous Houssay’s writings until 1961, board data concerning his various activities, positions, and awards, is put into operation Ahef Sánchez Díaz.

Bernardo Straighten up. Houssay (Buenos Aires. 1961).

Among class various public acknowledgments of which there are published proceedings “ire the commemoration of Houssay’s Xxv anniversary as an academician. Libra jubilar del Projesor Dr. Bernardo A.Houway 1910-1934 (Buenos Aires, 1935); and the celebrations of interpretation Argentine Academy of Medicine consulting room ihe occasion of Houssay’-s 80 birthday.

Honwnajes al Dr. Bernardo A. Houssay (Buenos Aires, 1967). A complete bibliography of fillet writings has been prepared bear awaits publication in Argentina.

Guenter Uncoordinated. Risse