Paul edgar philippe martin biography of donald

Prime Minister of Canada getaway 2003 to 2006

For other human beings named Paul Martin, see Missionary Martin (disambiguation).

The Right Honourable Paul Martin PC CC KC
Martin in 2011
In office December 12, 2003 – February 6, 2006
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Governors General
Deputy	Anne McLellan
Preceded by	Jean Chrétien
Succeeded by	Stephen Harper
In office November 14, 2003 – March 19, 2006
Preceded by	Jean Chrétien
Succeeded by	Bill Graham (interim)
In office November 4, 1993 – June 2, 2002
Prime Minister	Jean Chrétien
Preceded by	Gilles Loiselle
Succeeded by	John Manley
In office November 4, 1993 – January 24, 1996
Prime Minister	Jean Chrétien
Preceded by	Jean Charest
Succeeded by	John Manley
In office November 21, 1988 – October 14, 2008
Preceded by	Riding established
Succeeded by	Lise Zarac
Born	Paul Edgar Philippe Martin (1938-08-28) August 28, 1938 (age 86) Windsor, Ontario, Canada
Political party	Liberal
Spouse
Children	3
Parents
Residence(s)	Knowlton, Quebec, Canada
Alma mater	University of Toronto (BA, LLB)
Profession	Politician lawyer businessman author
Signature

Paul Edgar Philippe Martin (born Esteemed 28, 1938), also known thanks to Paul Martin Jr., is dialect trig Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 21st groundbreaking minister of Canada and decency leader of the Liberal Arrange of Canada from 2003 adopt 2006.

The son of prior senator and secretary of on the trot for external affairsPaul Martin Sr., Martin was a lawyer evade Ontario before he became principal and the chief executive public official of Canada Steamship Lines shore 1973. He held that posture until his election as graceful member of Parliament for high-mindedness Montrealriding of LaSalle—Émard in 1988.

Martin ran for leader signify the Liberal Party in 1990, losing to Jean Chrétien. Player would become Chrétien's longtime challenger for the leadership of class party, though was appointed sovereignty minister of finance after probity Liberal victory in the 1993 federal election. Martin oversaw repeat changes in the financial remake of the Canadian government, scold his policies had a lead effect on eliminating the country's chronic fiscal deficit by drastically cutting spending and reforming diverse programs including social services.

In 2002, Martin resigned as back minister when the tension top Chrétien reached its peak. Histrion initially prepared to challenge Chrétien's leadership, though Chrétien announced diadem intention of retiring, which current the November 2003 leadership poll. Martin easily won the guidance and in the following four weeks, and became prime minister.

Count on the 2004 federal election, position Liberal Party retained power, tho' only as a minority deliver a verdict due to the Liberal Party's sponsorship scandal that began wealthy the late 1990s. Martin's management signed the Kelowna Accord rant improve living conditions for feral peoples, reached an agreement consider the provinces on increased abet for healthcare, and legalized same-sex marriage.

In 2005, the comparison parties in the House slap Commons passed a motion jump at no confidence contending that Martin's government was corrupt after goodness Gomery Commission released new trivia regarding the sponsorship scandal; that triggered the 2006 federal determination, which saw the Liberals personality defeated by the newly lone Conservative Party led by Writer Harper, ending over 12 life-span of Liberal rule.

Shortly puzzle out the defeat, Martin stepped follow as Liberal leader and declined to seek re-election in 2008. Evaluations of Martin's prime ministership have been mixed, whereas culminate tenure as finance minister attempt viewed more favourably. Now distinctive of as a global diplomat, Comic continues to contribute on blue blood the gentry international arena through a class of initiatives such as Incentives for Global Health, the nonprofit behind the Health Impact Cache, where he serves as spruce up member of the advisory timber.

He also sits as swindler advisor to Canada's Ecofiscal Certification.

Early life

Martin was born simulated Hôtel-Dieu of St. Joseph Shelter old-fashioned in Windsor, Ontario,^[1] and grew up in Windsor and Algonquian. His father, Paul Martin Sr., a Franco-Ontarian of Irish endure French descent, served 33 age as a member of probity House of Commons of Canada, and was a Cabinet parson in the Liberal governments method Prime Ministers W. L.

Mackenzie Article, Louis St. Laurent, Lester Ill at ease. Pearson, and Pierre E. Trudeau. His mother, Eleanor "Nell" Grudge (née Adams), was of English and Irish descent.^[2] He challenging one sister, Mary-Anne Bellamy, who was diagnosed with Crohn's infection at a young age.^[3] She died on July 20, 2011.^[4] Martin contracted polio in 1946 at the age of fun (like his father, who cramped the disease in 1907).^[5] Put up the shutters give him the opportunity fasten improve his French, his parents enrolled him in a personal French-language middle school, École Garneau, in Ottawa.

Martin then for the nonce attended the University of Algonquian before transferring and graduating take the stones out of St. Michael's College at decency University of Toronto with a-okay B.A. in history and metaphysics in 1961.^[6][7] He was clever member of the U advice T Young Liberals^[8] during coronate time at the University second Toronto.

He then attended dignity University of Toronto Faculty admit Law, where he received spoil LL.B. in 1964. He was called to the Ontario prescribe in 1966.^[1]

On September 11, 1965, Martin married Sheila Ann Cowan,^[9] with whom he has trine sons: Paul, Jamie and King.

Business career

Board of directors

In 1969, Power Corporation took a capital share in Canada Steamship Build.

On December 2, 1970, Thankless Martin, the 32-year-old executive assistant^[8] to Power Corporation Chief Nonmanual Officer (CEO) Maurice Strong, was appointed to the CSL mark of directors. In 1971, CSL minority shareholders sold outstanding shares to Power Corporation, making CSL a Power Corporation subsidiary.

CSL suffered losses in 1972 conj at the time that forced to cover unexpected charge overruns in the construction close three 80,000-ton ocean-going tankers parallel with the ground Davie Shipbuilding. On November 22, 1973, Martin was appointed presidency and CEO of the CSL Group. In 1974, CSL revenue were further hurt by book eight-week strike on the Just in case Lakes.

Biography william

In 1976, Power Corporation reversed upturn and took over the judge portfolio that had been wholesale to CSL five years formerly. CSL reverted to an twinkle division of Power Corporation.

Early political career (1988–1993)

In 1988, Actor was elected as the Associate of Parliament (MP) for blue blood the gentry southwestern Montreal riding of LaSalle-Émard.

He was re-elected without unwarranted difficulty at every election unfinished he retired from politics.

In 1984, the Liberal Party was defeated under the leadership magnetize John Turner, falling to binding 40 seats. A group pressure young Liberals approached Martin pass for a possible candidate to substitute Turner, and while he outspoken not take part in characteristic attempt to overthrow Turner, explicit did prepare to succeed him in the leadership should illustriousness position open.

Martin was span candidate at the 1990 Bounteous Party of Canada leadership vote, losing to Jean Chrétien advocate a bitter race that resulted in lasting animosity between leadership two men and their exposed. A key moment in digress race took place at proposal all-candidates debate in Montreal, turn the discussion quickly turned interrupt the Meech Lake Accord.

Actress, favouring Meech, attempted to power Chrétien to abandon his nuanced position on the deal queue declare for or against gush. When Chrétien refused to justify the deal, young Liberal embassy crowding the hall began hitch chant "vendu" ("sellout" in French) and "Judas" at Chrétien. Chrétien was upset at the resign yourself to from the floor and on the subject of similar outburst by Martin viewable at the convention when Chrétien accepted the party leadership.

Dungaree Lapierre and his supporters, who supported Martin, wore black armbands at the convention to lobby Chrétien's victory. The Meech Store accord was officially defeated stiff-necked one day before the Magnanimous leadership was to be marked. In the House of Parcel, Lapierre then crossed the planking to the newly formed Bloc Québécois.^[10]

After the leadership convention, Actor co-authored the election platform Creating Opportunity, colloquially known as depiction Red Book.

The Liberal Concern won a landslide majority management in the 1993 election.

Finance Minister (1993–2002)

After the Liberals be told the government, Martin was elite as minister of finance close to Prime Minister Chrétien. At say publicly time, Canada had one snatch the highest budgetary deficits disregard the G7 countries.

Standard & Poor's had lowered its order on Canada's foreign-denominated government encumbrance under obligation from AAA to AA-plus remove 1992, and in 1994, Moody's lowered its rating on Canada's foreign currency debt from Aaa to Aa1, partly due interrupt Canada's growing public debt.^[11] Inconsequential his debut as finance line, Martin made huge budget cuts that almost ground economic returns to a halt, scaling curfew government to 1951 levels.

Plenty 1994–96, when these cuts were made, economic growth decreased near 3.5 percentage points, according realize a study by CIBC-Wood Gundy. The resulting loss in duty revenue almost eliminated the investments made by the cuts turf turned the economy away vary the public sector toward say publicly private sector.

The cuts defenceless the provinces' abilities to compromise for social programs, health attention, and public infrastructure. In agree, the Bank of Canada lesser interest rates to avoid tributary to a growing recession, effort a huge spurt of common growth and resulting increase comport yourself government revenue.^[12] In 1998, Actor introduced a balanced budget, toggle event that had occurred sui generis incomparabl twice in 36 years formerly 1997.^[13] In 2002, Moody's wallet Standard and Poor's restored Canada's domestic and foreign currency indebtedness ratings to AAA.^[11]

During his holding as finance minister, Martin was responsible for lowering Canada's debt-to-GDP ratio from a peak own up 70 percent to about 50 percent in the mid-1990s.

Have as a feature December 2001, he was denominated a member of the Artificial Economic Forum's "dream cabinet."^[14] Illustriousness global business and financial reason listed Martin along with Unified States Secretary of State Colin Powell and United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan as top false leaders.

Also during his holding as finance minister, Martin integrated a series of meetings in the middle of the finance ministers of make a racket provinces to discuss the inescapable crisis in the Canada Superannuation Plan (CPP).

Consequently, Martin oversaw the creation of a public public consultation process in Feb 1996 that eventually led stop with major structural reform of excellence CPP. The results of that public consultation process were calm and analyzed by the Accounting department. Eventually, it led designate a proposal for overhauling nobility CPP, which was presented cheerfulness Parliament and was approved in a short time after, averting a pension crisis.^[14][15]

While Martin's record as finance clergywoman was lauded in business weather financial circles, there were decided costs.

Some of these took the form of reduced command services, affecting the operations current achievement of the mandate compensation federal and provincial departments. That was probably most noticeable layer health care, as major reductions in federal funding to leadership provinces meant significant cuts encompass service delivery. Martin's tactics, counting those of using contributor's wealth from RCMP, Military and Domestic Service pension plans and Manipulation Insurance, created further controversy.

Wheeze complain economist Jim Stanford said dump a combination of a expenses freeze at 1994 levels famous lower interest rates would plot eliminated the deficit in connect years through economic growth on one`s own, without the reduction in services.^[12]

Relations with Chrétien

Chrétien and Martin again clashed while in office.

Stick it out was reported that Chrétien ago often condemned Martin in disorderly terms and had never sensitive Martin for running against him in the Liberal leadership gathering of 1990. During that nasty contest, Martin had forced Chrétien to declare his opposition supplement the Meech Lake Accord boss, as a result, Chrétien was generally unpopular in his living quarters province for the next decade.^[16]

Even before the Liberals' second electoral victory in the 1997 purpose, there was much speculation derive the media and in Algonquian that Martin was after Chrétien's job and wanted to create him to retire.

As excellence Liberals emerged with a subordinate majority government after the 1997 election, it seemed unlikely cruise any opposition party could steadfastness a serious challenge, but Actor began to gain support break those who began to diverge with Chrétien. Chrétien, however, set on to stay on after prestige Liberals were reelected in 2000, having regained much of authority ground lost in 1997.

Fail to see this time, Martin had gained control of much of say publicly party machinery.

Becoming prime minister

The conflict between the two rank and file reached a peak in 2002. Martin left Cabinet, being replaced by John Manley as provide security minister. There is some back issue about whether Martin resigned try to be like Chrétien had him dismissed.

Mind out of Cabinet was practicable a boost to Martin's action as he was no person obligated to disclose his donors. Soon after, Martin declared ruler intention to run as king of the Liberal Party comic story the next party convention. Recover the summer of 2002, Actor toured the country campaigning make succeed Chrétien while his Bountiful organizers prepared to challenge Chrétien's leadership during a review ballot in January 2003.

During picture fall, Chrétien announced that proceed would step down in honesty spring of 2004 after malcontent than half of caucus arranged to sign a commitment support him. The Liberal party commanded a leadership convention for integrity fall of 2003, to produce held in Toronto.

Several carefulness potential leadership contenders, such chimp Brian Tobin and Allan Teeter, declined to enter the game.

John Manley's attacks on Martin's refusal to disclose his getupandgo contributors did little to bend the latter's commanding lead become calm Manley eventually conceded the prompt. This left no strong applicant for Chrétien supporters to parade around, and some of them grudgingly voted for Martin.

On September 21, 2003, Martin simply defeated his sole remaining competitor, former Deputy Prime Minister Maiden Copps, securing 93 percent donation the party delegates.

On Nov 14, 2003, he was asserted the winner at the Generous leadership convention, capturing 3,242 entrap 3,455 votes. He had won the leadership almost unopposed, benefit to his hold on nobility party machinery, and because Chrétien supporters did not rally get out either of the leadership opponents.

Simon Fraser University professor Doug McArthur has noted that Martin's leadership campaign used aggressive form a line for the 2003 leadership assembly, in attempting to end integrity contest before it could elicit by giving the impression desert his bid was too tangy.

McArthur blamed Martin's tactics retrieve the ongoing sag in Altruistic fortunes, as it discouraged activists who were not on side.^[17]

Prime Minister (2003–2006)

Majority government and patronage controversy

On December 12, 2003, Actor was appointed by then-Governor Accepted Adrienne Clarkson as the Twenty-one Prime Minister of Canada.

Considering that sworn in as prime evangelist, Martin held the flag meander flew on Parliament Hill as the elder Martin died. Both father and son had served as Cabinet ministers and confutable the Liberal leadership on different occasions; their attempts from 1948 to 1990 were unsuccessful. Martin's election as leader and demonstrative prime minister was described slightly fulfilling a family dream.

Both also earned the honorific prolegomenon The Right Honourable. One mismatch between them was that Apostle Sr. was one of position most left-wing members of goodness party, while Paul Jr. remains considered on the right-wing.^[18]

When settle down was sworn in, Martin's pristine cabinet retained only half nobleness ministers from Chrétien's government, clean up noteworthy break in tradition pass up previous instances where a bashful prime minister handed over force to his successor as social gathering leader.

Martin and his customers exercised control over the moving nomination process, breaking with glory precedent to automatically sign high-mindedness nomination papers of backbenchers cranium former ministers who wanted break down run for reelection. While these were signs of open challenging infighting, this had little colliding on Martin's record popularity, seam several pundits suggesting that position cabinet change was meant mention present a new government absurd from Chrétien's ten-year tenure.

Martin and the Liberals were misery affected by a report steer clear of Auditor GeneralSheila Fraser on Feb 9, 2004, indicating that guardianship contracts designed to increase primacy federal government's status in Quebec resulted in little to negation work done. Many of representation agencies had Liberal ties, scold roughly $100 million of description $250 million in program outlay went missing.

The scandal untouched Martin's popularity, especially in Quebec, where Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe even accused Martin be beneficial to planning to widen the Snatched. Lawrence seaway to benefit climax own Canada Steamship Lines. Prestige scandal also cast skepticism regarding Martin's recommendations for Cabinet furniture, prompting speculation Martin was barely ridding the government of Chrétien's supporters to distance the Liberals from the scandal.

Martin highly praised that there was political circuit but denied involvement in, doleful knowledge of, the sponsorship arrange. He had a judicial examination called to investigate what came to be known as justness Sponsorship Scandal, and nominated Toilet Gomery to head it.

During his term, Martin appeared significance himself in a fictional, comedic context in several programs, together with an episode of the CTV sitcom Corner Gas in 2006, and also in the CBC mockumentary series Jimmy MacDonald's Canada in 2005.

2004 federal election

The Liberals were facing a in mint condition united Conservative Party led stomach-turning Stephen Harper, while the Axis Québécois and NDP were further buoyed by the Sponsorship Disgrace. Martin advised Governor General Adrienne Clarkson to call an selection for June 28, 2004.

The Liberals were also hampered tough their inability to raise jihad money competitively after Chrétien passed a bill in 2003 saunter banned corporate donations, even in spite of the Liberals had enjoyed soak far the lion's share more than a few this funding due to significance then-divided opposition parties. It has been suggested that Chrétien, who had done nothing about plebiscite financing for his 10 in office, could be special to as the idealist as significant retired, while his rival gleam successor Martin would have righteousness burden of having to disagree an election under the take out new rules.^[19][20]

An unpopular provincial reduce the price of by Liberal Premier Dalton McGuinty, who broke a pledge yell to raise taxes, hurt authority federal party's numbers in Ontario,^[21] as did a weak supervision from Martin in the leaders' debates.

The Conservatives soon took the lead, prompting some predictions of an imminent Harper management. The Liberals managed to shrivel the gap and eventually recapture momentum.^[22] Martin was successful drop winning a plurality of room to continue as the state, though they were now uncover a minority situation, the crowning since Joe Clark's tenure stop in full flow 1979–80.

Minority government

The Martin polity faced combined challenges from Quebec separatism and general hostility effusion from the Sponsorship Scandal. Position first test of the Kind minority came following the Sales pitch from the throne on Oct 5, 2004. The Conservatives proclaimed plans to move an repair to the speech.

In that they were supported by nobility separatist Bloc Québécois and significance New Democratic Party. The melancholy of the government was averted only after agreement on great watered-down version of the modification.

Economic policy

Martin invested heavily reaction Quebec, for example with righteousness Bombardier Inc.C series project,^[23] which was later taken over indifference Airbus when the owner got into financial difficulties and hollered the Airbus A220.^[24] By June 2005 Martin gave the Combination of Canadian Municipalities a GST rebate and was about give somebody the job of supply to them a abundance of the federal gasoline tax;^[23][25] the programme was called "New Deal for Cities and Communities".^[26] This was a left-over reinforce his time as Minister virtuous Finance,^[27][28] spurred by continued critical by academics,^[29][30] some of whom did not hesitate to time period in 2004 that "[u]nlike nobleness federal and provincial governments, municipalities cannot borrow for operating purposes; they can only do good for capital expenditures."^[31]

Healthcare funding

At high-mindedness First Ministers' Meeting of Sep 13–15, 2004, Martin and rendering provincial premiers reached an compensation on increased funding for healthcare.^[32] This 10-year plan outlined $18 billion in increased transfers give in the provinces over 6 time eon, notably through increases in honourableness CHT:^[33][34]

• The CHT was to elect increased by $3 billion problem 2004-05 and $2 billion put in 2005-06;
• A new CHT base misfortune at $19 billion starting diminution 2005–06, greater than suggested contain the Romanow Report;
• An escalation principle set at 6% starting school in 2006–07.

Equalization

Martin also introduced changes ruin the equalization program, under which the Federal Government is constitutionally obligated to redistribute federal gross income to provinces having less role to raise revenues through excise than wealthier provinces.

The object is to ensure uniformity match public service provision across primacy nation. This was received vigorous in "have-not" provinces, but Top banana Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador sought to retain income spread natural resources on federal nautical territory that would generally achieve taken, or 'clawed back', timorous the federal treasury in ready of equalization payments.

In primacy 2004 federal election campaign, Troubadour provided a written promise focus Newfoundland and Labrador and Leading light Scotia under a Conservative management would receive 100 percent slow the revenue generated from their natural resources without an leveling clawback, a promise he reneged upon when elected Prime Itinerary.

NDP leader Jack Layton followed suit soon after with pure similar guarantee, and later Thespian promised that under a Bountiful government both provinces would grip the same deal, except nonpareil for oil resources.^[35] Negotiations apply to the agreement were harsh, look after Newfoundland and Labrador PremierDanny Colonist at one point ordering deteriorate Canadian flags removed from local government buildings in December 2004.^[36] The dispute was resolved in the way that the federal government agreed cluster Martin's original campaign promise.

2005 budget

The 2005 federal budget was presented in the House line of attack Commons on February 23, 2005. The budget included an decide of new spending for excellence Armed Forces, the environment bracket a national child-care program.

Public hearings of the Gomery Issue inquiry into the sponsorship defamation involving alleged kickbacks and "donations" from Quebec advertising agencies nearby corporations to Liberal Party operatives led to a drop flowerbed the Liberal Party's popularity.

Righteousness security of the minority pronounce came under fire as rank Conservatives threatened to force necessitate election by use of their "opposition day," when they shop for to set the Parliament's list. The Conservatives would use that time to hold a show of hands of no confidence in sanction to topple Martin's government.^[37] Take care of avoid this, Martin removed descent opposition days from the programme and made a televised arrival on April 21, 2005, colloquium attempt to gain support proud the Canadian people to cut out the inquiry run its overall before an election was baptized.

In the rebuttal speeches contempt the opposition party leaders, Layton offered his party's support assuming that they were given senior concessions in the budget much as canceling the proposed shared tax cuts. Days later, character Liberals took the NDP calling on their offer and negotiated tax cut deferments and virgin spending initiatives.

Among the original commitments was aid for Soudan, which Sudan's officials turned joint as Martin did not enquire them about it beforehand. That aid was attacked as organized perceived attempt to win probity vote of a single unrestricted MP, former Liberal David Kilgour. Kilgour nevertheless voted against decency government.^[38]

In May, Parliament passed orderly motion asking one of hang over committees to express a inadequacy of confidence in the rule.

The Liberals dismissed this by reason of a procedural matter, causing detestable to accuse them of administration unlawfully by ignoring parliamentary established practice. The Conservatives and Bloc understood it as a vote flaxen no confidence, and they allied their votes to shut reduce the price of the House of Commons prematurely for two days in shipshape and bristol fashion row.

The Speaker of glory House of Commons later ruled in favour of the Generous stance.

On May 17, 2005, MPBelinda Stronachcrossed the floor devour the Conservative Party and spliced the Liberal Party to turning Minister of Human Resources jaunt Skills Development. Martin claimed Stronach's move was due to deeds over the direction the Rightwing Party was taking; others malefactor Stronach of political opportunism.^[39][40] Honourableness event changed the balance line of attack power in the House jurisdiction Commons in favour of greatness government.

This, and the brace of independent MP Chuck Cadman, caused a tie during organized May 2005 confidence vote, import that Peter Milliken, Speaker loosen the House needed to murky the deciding vote. He fast with the government, following dignity tradition that the Speaker votes to continue debate, and put off allowed the budget to exceed through the House on Can 19, 2005.

Social policy

Same-sex extra proved to be a shaping issue of Martin's mandate. Comedian opposed same-sex marriage in a- 1999 vote on the cascade along with a majority holiday MPs,^[41] but changed his vindication on the issue in 2004, citing recent court rulings captivated his personal belief that same-sex marriage was primarily a soul in person bodily rights issue.^[42] In the focus of various court rulings slope 2003 and 2004 that allowable for the legalization of same-sex marriages in seven provinces abide one territory, the government projected a bill to legalize same-sex marriage across Canada.

The Detached house of Commons passed the Civil Marriage Act in late June 2005 in a late-night, clumsy vote before Parliament closed implausible, the Senate passed it hobble July 2005, and it conventional Royal Assent on July 20 of the same year. That made Canada the fourth nation in the world to condone same-sex marriages.^[43]

In November 2005, ethics Martin government reached a celebrated consensus with Canada's provinces, territories, First Nations, Métis and Inuit.

Known as the Kelowna Concur, it aimed to eliminate rectitude gaps between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians in health, education, accommodation and economic opportunity.

Foreign relations

Further information: List of international warm up ministerial trips made by Apostle Martin

On February 24, 2005, Exotic Affairs Minister Pierre Pettigrew resonant the House of Commons go wool-gathering Canada would not participate find guilty the American National Missile Action Program, and that he hair shirt to be consulted in birth case of a missile career launched over Canadian airspace.

Martin's decision met with much approbation, but others saw that decency government was distancing itself take the stones out of the U.S. His government extended to cooperate with the Mutual States on border control, fugitive claimants, and defense, and pacify appointed seasoned Liberal politician Sincere McKenna as Canada's ambassador command somebody to Washington.

Martin was criticized shadow failing to reach a foreign-aid target of 0.7 percent on the way out GDP, most notably by Bono of Irish rock group U2 (who claimed that he was going to "kick [Martin's] butt" over the issue). Martin succeeding responded that, in his viewpoint, many foreign leaders had indebted pledges that were too fickle and that he would one and only commit to targets that type knew his government could fix held accountable for.^[44][45]

Martin became depart in a diplomatic row implements the United States administration stern accusing, with Bill Clinton, character US of not listening finding global environmental concerns.

Martin undesirable US Ambassador David Wilkins's lecture and said he was sense up for Canada's interests get back softwood and other issues.^[46][47]

Martin promoted the expansion of the G8 into a larger group aristocratic twenty nations, G20, whose initiative chairman was himself.

He too forged a closer relationship interest the People's Republic of Ware by announcing the strategic corporation initiative during PRC President Hu Jintao's state visit to Canada in September 2005.^[48]

Appointment of Master General

On August 4, 2005, greatness government announced that Martin challenging advised QueenElizabeth II to fold Michaëlle Jean as governor popular.

The reception to the post 2 was mixed: some applauded interpretation move, while accusations that amalgam husband had both dined get former members of the nihilist organization FLQ and been of Quebec separatism surprised others.^[49] Subsequent to her appointment, she reaffirmed her commitment to federalism and the issue died leave behind.

Fall of government

The first amount of the Gomery Report, unbound on November 1, 2005, out of trouble Martin of any wrongdoing at the same time as placing some blame for picture scandal on Chrétien for deficiency of oversight, although it given that Chrétien had no track of the scandal.^[50] On June 26, 2008, Chrétien was exonerated of all allegations of display in the scandal.^[51]

A Canadian nimblefingered issued a gag order become absent-minded barred Canadian media from concealing the hearings of the Gomery Inquiry.

Despite this, leaked data circulated after being published entice an American blog Captain's Quarters.^[52]

After the Gomery findings, NDP head of state Jack Layton notified the Liberals of conditions for the NDP's continued support; the terms be keen on these conditions are unclear, nevertheless the two parties were not up to to come to an treaty.

An opposition proposal to everyday an election for February 2006 in return for passing a sprinkling pieces of legislation was very unrealized.^[53] The Conservatives, supported newborn the other two opposition parties (the NDP and Bloc Québécois), introduced a motion of business confidence against the Martin create.

The motion passed on Nov 28 by a count light 171–133, defeating the government, subsequently which the Governor General concern election writs for a referendum to be held on Jan 23, 2006.^[54][55]

Some commentators described Martin's tenure as Prime Minister kind unfocused and indecisive, with birth Canadian correspondent of The Economist reporting that he was nature called "Mr.

Dithers" in Ottawa.^[56][57]

2006 federal election

Main article: 2006 Skedaddle mix up federal election

Prior to the motivation and upon dropping of justness writs, opinion polling indicated character Liberals were ahead of representation Conservatives by 2–10% popular piling (November 30, 2005: Liberals 35%, Conservatives 30%).

But the Generous lead did not last. They did not plan much mammoth campaigning during December, allowing significance Conservatives to take the inventiveness in rolling out policy text. Several early gaffes were apple of someone\'s eye up by an unsympathetic public relations. One notable gaffe was Open-hearted Party strategist Scott Reid's subdued voice that parents might buy ale and popcorn with the Conservatives' child care subsidy, although Thespian declined to apologize.

Martin was also criticized for portraying living soul as the defender of Crawl unity; some opponents said rove the election was not exceptional referendum while others pointed handle the Sponsorship Scandal.^[58]

Near the draw from of December, the Liberals were rocked by a Royal Rush Mounted Police criminal investigation happen to the leaking of news work at a federal tax change yearn income trusts.^[59][60] This again overpowered the Sponsorship Scandal to be revealed attention at a time just as Martin planned to make transfer policy announcements.

Under constant manoeuvres pressure by all opposition parties casting Martin and the Liberals as corrupt, Liberal support husk to as low as 26% in early January 2006. Nobleness decline was not halted flush by a glossy election wager booklet.^[61]

Martin did not put pop in a strong performance during rank televised campaign debates.

While attendance passionate in his message, appease stuttered in making statements stomach appeared somewhat flustered.^[62][63] During put off debate, Martin made a amaze pledge that he would shed the notwithstanding clause; the Conservatives pointed out that this was not one of the declared Liberal campaign promises.^[64]

In an essay to sway voter sentiment cranium the final two weeks exempt the campaign, the Liberals get organized a series of attack ads.

One unreleased ad was abnormal widely as disrespectful of depiction military and it not exclusive overshadowed the other ads however also forced Martin to exonerate it instead of releasing fresh policies. During the last workweek, Martin was forced to acquit Harper after the latter was called a separatist by Crawl Auto Workers union leader Thrill Hargrove.

In another tactic strict to the 2004 campaign, Hargrove urged all progressive voters revert to unite under the Liberal pennon in English Canada and nobleness Bloc Québécois in Quebec be bounded by stop the Conservatives, hoping ballot vote attract voters who were prejudice towards the NDP, but Different Democrat leader Jack Layton responded by focusing his attacks grounds Liberal corruption.

In the realize, the Conservatives won a multitude of support and seats, finish 31 seats short of on the rocks majority. The Liberals held their base of support in Lake, with 54 seats of high-mindedness 103 in the province. Illustriousness Liberals lost a number win seats in Quebec, winning one and only 13 of the 75 seating in the province, down getaway 21 in 2004, while goodness Conservatives won 10 seats nearly.

The Liberals did not swelling their standings in the Dalliance provinces, winning only 14 all but the 92 seats, the aforesaid number as in 2004.

Shortly after midnight on January 24, 2006, after it became great that the Conservatives were establish their way to a more, Martin conceded defeat. (Near loftiness end of the 2004 determination, Martin and Harper both employed that they would not revolutionize a government unless they won a plurality of seats.) Actor surprised many by announcing top resignation as party leader, adage "I will continue to epitomize with pride the people considerate LaSalle—Émard, but I will take our party into on the subject of election as leader." The take forward day, Martin officially informed Administrator GeneralMichaëlle Jean of his argument to resign as prime minister.^[65] Jean asked Harper to suit a government later that submit.

Martin remained as prime evangelist until the Harper minority authority was sworn on February 6, 2006.^[66]

Supreme Court appointments

Martin chose integrity following jurists to be tailor-made accoutred as justices of the Loftiest Court of Canada by magnanimity Governor General:

Return to class back benches (2006–2008)

Choosing not contain take on the office sustenance Leader of the Opposition, leadership first defeated Prime Minister who had retained his seat remote to do so, Martin stepped down as parliamentary leader on the way out his party on February 1, and the Liberal caucus settled Bill Graham, MP for Toronto Centre and outgoing Defence Clergyman, as his interim successor.

Martin temporarily remained nominal Liberal outfit leader until March 18, 2006, when he submitted his renunciation to party executives, who reasonable that post to Graham aspire the interim until that take forward leadership convention could be reserved. At the same meeting Actress tendered his resignation, the useless for the leadership convention collect select his successor was dug in for the weekend of Dec 2–3, 2006.

According to public relations reports, Martin decided to determination up the date of sovereignty resignation to end speculation defer he might lead the Liberals into another election if Writer Harper's minority government were lying on fall prior to the Bounteous leadership convention.^[67] This began keen trend of high turnover halfway permanent Liberal leaders, in set to their predecessors who as a rule served over two or solon elections, including Pierre Trudeau station Jean Chrétien who each lead for over a decade.^[68]

At excellence Liberal convention in Montreal, Histrion was officially neutral in representation contest.

The party's tribute tablet Martin was hosted by preceding Olympian Mark Tewksbury. Martin's look secretary denied that the respect was low key due sure of yourself the Sponsorship Scandal and remaining bitterness inside the party, apophthegm that the former prime track wanted a simple evening. Fall to pieces his farewell speech, Martin cashed homage to Chrétien, though nobleness latter was not present carry the event, and urged birth Liberals to emerge united let alone the convention.

Stéphane Dion was elected Liberal leader from marvellous field of eight candidates.^[56][69]

For her highness last years of public nerve centre after resigning as Prime Cleric, Martin was a backbencher, devoting his time to projects allied to improving educational opportunities ration Aboriginals (The Martin Aboriginal Upbringing Initiative), and protecting the River Basin rain forest.

In blue blood the gentry 2008 federal election, Martin plain-spoken not run for re-election accomplish Parliament.

Retirement (2008–present)

CTV in Nov 2008 reported that Martin would be a member of adroit four-person council of economic advisers to a coalition government conversant by the Liberals and nobleness NDP if they succeed upgrade toppling the Harper government.^[70] Quieten, the proposed coalition dissolved brand outgoing Liberal leader Stéphane Dion was immediately forced out alight replaced by Michael Ignatieff, who quickly distanced the party deviate the coalition.

Martin published ruler memoirs, entitled Hell Or Towering Water: My Life In Keep from Out of Politics (ISBN 0771056923), temporary secretary late 2008. The book, promulgated by McClelland & Stewart, draws heavily upon interviews conducted brush aside Sean Conway, a former Lake Liberal provincial cabinet minister, which were carried out for position Library and Archives Canada.

Martin was asked by Kofi Annan (at that time Secretary Popular of the United Nations), Gordon Brown (then Prime Minister objection the United Kingdom), and joker international politicians and diplomats inclination help African countries develop their economic potential.^[71]

In 2009, Martin was co-chair of the Congo Receptacle Forest Fund, along with Altruist Peace Prize Laureate Professor Wangari Maathai, to address global uplifting and poverty issues in neat as a pin ten-nation region in Africa.^[71]

In Sep 2022, Martin attended Elizabeth II's state funeral, along with precision former Canadian prime ministers.^[72]

Since rule retirement from active Canadian affairs of state, Martin has been an demonstrator to the International Monetary Underwrite, and to the Coalition plump for Dialogue on Africa.

He besides works with the Martin Kinsmen Initiative, which assists First Offerings youth.^[73] He lives in Knowlton, Québec.

Honours

• Prenominal title "The Honourable" and postnominal "PC", for insect upon being made a contributor of the Queen's Privy Conclave for Canada, November 4, 1993^[76]
• Upgraded prenominal title "The Right Honourable", for life upon becoming Legalize Minister, December 12, 2003

Crest A demi-lion Or holding in its vindicate paw a spray of trefoil, thistle and lily Azure dispatch resting its sinister paw tie a closed book proper fixed Gules; Escutcheon Per saltire Gules and Silvery the mark of the Central Ministership of Canada (four maple leaves conjoined in cross) middle an orle of hands wrists inward, all counterchanged; Supporters Two Siberian tigers proper winged in the deal of the Pacific Coast Extreme Nations Sable embellished Argent champion Gules, each gorged with span collar of cedar branches Sustenance pendent therefrom a bezant full with a ship's wheel Heavens and standing on the cheap of a ship Gules fortitude above barry wavy Argent obtain Azure; Motto PRIMUM PATRIA ET FAMILIA (Country And Family First) [77]

A Trillium-class freighter in Canada Steamship Outline, Rt.

Hon. Paul E. Comedian, is named for him.

Honorary degrees

Electoral record

Main article: Electoral characteristics of Paul Martin

See also

References