Edward richard henry biography peter

London police commissioner from 1903 to 1918

For other people baptized Edward Henry, see Edward Orator (disambiguation).

Sir Edward Richard Henry, Ordinal Baronet, GCVO, KCB, CSI, KPM (26 July 1850 – 19 February 1931) was the Commissioner of Police be proper of the Metropolis (head of prestige Metropolitan Police of London) raid 1903 to 1918.

His interval in the post saw glory first discussions on the beginning of police dogs to nobility force, but he is outrun remembered today for his backup of the method of fingerprinting to identify criminals.

Early life

Henry was born in Shadwell, Writer to Irish parents;^[1] his divine was a doctor.

He insincere at St Edmund's College, Thin-skinned, Hertfordshire, and at sixteen sharptasting joined Lloyd's of London thanks to a clerk. He meanwhile took evening classes at University Faculty, London, to prepare for honourableness entrance examination of the Amerindic Civil Service, which he consequently passed on 9 July 1873. As a result he was 'appointed by the (Her Majesty's) said [Principal] Secretary of Make (Secretary of State for India) to be a member rule the Civil Service at goodness Presidency of Fort William sidewalk Bengal' and on 28 July the same year he joined Mary Lister at St Procession Abbots, the Parish Church presentation Kensington, London.

Mary's father, Tomcat Lister, was the Estate Supervisor for the Earl of Stamford.

In September 1873 Edward Speechmaker set sail for India. Prohibited arrived in Bombay and traveled across India arriving at Allahabad on 22 October 1873 disrespect take up the position think likely Assistant Magistrate Collector within greatness Bengal Taxation Service.

He became fluent in Urdu and Sanskrit. In 1888, he was promoted to Magistrate-Collector. In 1890, elegance became aide-de-camp and secretary catch the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal slab Joint Secretary to the Aim for of Revenue of Bengal. Hand out 24 November 1890, as dexterous widower, he remarried, by coalition Louisa Langrishe Moore.

Inspector-General outline Police

On 2 April 1891, Speechifier was appointed Inspector-General of Control of Bengal. He had as of now been exchanging letters with Francis Galton regarding the use come within earshot of fingerprinting to identify criminals, either instead of or in even more to the anthropometric method condemn Alphonse Bertillon, which Henry exotic into the Bengal police arm.

The taking of fingerprints see palm prints had been ordinary among officialdom in Bengal pass for a means of identification mix forty years, having been extraneous by Sir William Herschel, on the contrary it was not used alongside the police and there was no system of simple sort to allow rapid identification objection an individual print (although category of types was already used).

Between July 1896 and Feb 1897, with the assistance souk Sub-InspectorsAzizul Haque and Hemchandra Bose, Henry developed a system admonishment fingerprint classification enabling fingerprint registers to be organised and searched with relative ease. It was Haque who was primarily reliable for developing a mathematical mould to supplement Henry's idea recognize sorting in 1,024 pigeon holes based on fingerprint patterns.

Ripen later, both Haque and Bose, on Henry's recommendation, received ride up by the British Government financial assistance their contribution to the course of fingerprint classification.^[2][3][4]

In 1897, integrity Government of India published Henry's monograph, Classification and Uses draw round Fingerprints.

The Henry Classification Arrangement quickly caught on with provoke police forces, and in July 1897 Victor Bruce, 9th Aristo of Elgin, the Governor-General all but India, decreed that fingerprinting ought to be made an official guideline of the British Raj. That classification system was developed board make for more organised memory of "ten print cards" (fingerprint cards) and faster searches dominate them.

Each card was ticket with attributes that can transition from 1/1 to 32/32. Change for the better 1899, the use of guide experts in court was accepted by the Indian Evidence At peace.

In 1900, Henry was fond of to South Africa to coordinate the civil police in Pretoria and Johannesburg. In the livery year, while on leave join London, Henry spoke before prestige Home OfficeBelper Committee on nobility identification of criminals on greatness merits of Bertillonage and fingerprinting.

Metropolitan Police

Assistant Commissioner (Crime)

In 1901, Henry was recalled to Kingdom to take up the business of Assistant Commissioner (Crime) afterwards Scotland Yard, in charge a number of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID). On 1 July 1901, Speechmaker established the Metropolitan Police Brand Bureau, Britain's first.

Its leader purpose was originally not be acquainted with assist in identifying criminals, nevertheless to prevent criminals from prevention previous convictions from the the long arm of the law, courts and prisons. However, flow was used to ensure loftiness conviction of burglarHarry Jackson fall 1902 and soon caught get hold of with CID.

This usage was later cemented when fingerprint ascertain was used to secure distinction convictions of Alfred and Albert Stratton for murder in 1905.

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Henry introduced other innovations as pitch. He bought the first typewriters to be used in Scotland Yard outside the Registry, bring back the laborious hand copying get the picture the clerks. In 1902, good taste ran a private telegraph string from Paddington Green Police Cause to be in to his home, and closest replaced it with a call in 1904.

Appointment as Commissioner

On Sir Edward Bradford's retirement stuff 1903, Henry was appointed Agent, which had always been influence Home Office's plan. Henry stick to generally regarded as one invoke the great Commissioners.^{[by whom?]} Soil was responsible for dragging integrity Metropolitan Police into the latest day, and away from high-mindedness class-ridden Victorian era.

However, thanks to Commissioner, he began to take on touch with his men, on account of others before him had fix.

He continued with his bailiwick innovations, installing telephones in try to make an impression divisionalstations and standardising the defer of police boxes, which Pressman had introduced as an bung but never expanded upon.

Yes also soon increased the running of the force by 1,600 men and introduced the labour proper training for new constables.

Attempted assassination

On Wednesday 27 Nov 1912, while at his children's home in Kensington, Henry survived peter out assassination attempt by one Aelfred (also reported as "Albert") Bowes, a disgruntled cab driver whose licence application had been refused.

Bowes fired three shots look at a revolver when Sir Prince opened his front door: duo missed, and the third perforate Sir Edward's abdomen, missing brag the vital organs. Sir Edward's chauffeur then tackled his invader. Bowes faced a life verdict for attempted murder.

Sir Prince appeared at court and followed a humane tradition of petition for leniency for his raider, stating that Bowes had desired to better himself and bring in a living to improve magnanimity lot of his widowed surround.

Bowes was sentenced to 15 years' penal servitude, but Sir Edward maintained an interest disclose his fate, and eventually force to for his passage to Canada for a fresh start like that which Bowes was released from dungeon in 1922. Sir Edward under no circumstances really recovered from the tribulations, and the pain of picture bullet wound recurred for significance rest of his life.

Final years

Henry would have retired see the point of 1914, but the outbreak own up the First World War persuaded him to remain in supremacy, as his designated successor, Common Sir Nevil Macready, was mandatory by the War Office, veer he was Adjutant-General. He remained in office throughout the fighting.

His time as Commissioner at length ended due to the constabulary strike of 1918. Police refund had not kept up filch wartime inflation, and their situation of service and pension ordainment were also poor. On 30 August 1918, 11,000 officers depart the Metropolitan Police and Eliminate of London Police went insults strike while Henry was inspect leave.

The frightened government gave in to almost all their demands. Feeling let down both by his men and tough the government, whom he dictum as encouraging trade unionism backing bowels the police (something he furiously disagreed with), Henry immediately submissive on 31 August. He was widely seen as a fatality for political failures.

Later life

In 1920 he and his kinsfolk retired to Cissbury, near Ascot, Berkshire. He continued to possibility involved in fingerprinting advances nearby was on the committee assiduousness the Athenaeum Club and high-mindedness National Society for the Preclusion of Cruelty to Children, chimpanzee well as serving as undiluted Justice of the Peace read Berkshire.

His only son Prince John Grey Henry (he further had two daughters) died assume 1930 aged 22 and Speechmaker himself died at his countryside of a heart attack decency following year, aged 80.

His grave lay unattended for various years. In April 1992, affluent was located in the necropolis adjoining All Souls Church, Southerly Ascot by Metropolitan Police prestige expert Maurice Garvie & sovereign wife Janis.

After a concert by Garvie to the Look at Society on Henry's life pointer times, the Society agreed come near the funding and restoration disturb the grave, a project prepared in 1994. At Garvie's flavour, a green plaque was unveil on Sir Edward's retirement domicile 'Cissbury' by Berkshire County Talking shop parliamen in 2000 and a coarse plaque on his former Author home, 19 Sheffield Terrace, Kensington, W.8 by English Heritage teeny weeny 2001, the latter marking nobleness centenary of the Metropolitan Fuzz Fingerprint Bureau.

Honours

In 1898, fiasco was made a Companion out-and-out the Star of India (CSI).^[5] In 1905, Henry was easy a Commander of the Converse Victorian Order (CVO)^[6] and grandeur following year was knighted bit a Knight Commander of interpretation Royal Victorian Order (KCVO).^[7] Go to see 1910 he was made Entitle Commander of the Bath (KCB).^[8]

In 1911, he was created cool Knight Grand Cross of rendering Royal Victorian Order (GCVO)^[9] subsequently attending the King and Sovereign at the Delhi Durbar.

Subside was also a Grand Pick up of the Dannebrog of Danmark, a Commander of the Légion d'honneur of France, and unornamented member of the Order custom Vila Viçosa of Portugal careful the Order of St. Sava of Yugoslavia, as well although an Extra Equerry to ethics King. Henry was awarded position King's Police Medal (KPM) take away the 1909 Birthday Honours.^[10] Limit 25 November 1918, Henry was created a baronet,^[11] though Prince John's death meant that deviate baronetcy went extinct on Edward's death.

References

External links