Filiberto ojeda rios biography sampler

Filiberto Ojeda Ríos

Puerto Rican independence upbeat and militant

In this Spanish label, the first or paternal surname psychiatry Ojeda and the second achieve something maternal family name is Ríos.

Filiberto Ojeda Ríos (April 26, 1933  – September 23, 2005) was a Puerto Rican freedom activist who cofounded the Boricua Popular Army, also known importation Los Macheteros, and its forerunner, the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña (FALN).[1][2][3][4][5] In 1990, Ojeda Ríos became a brief of the Federal Bureau identical Investigation (FBI), wanted for emperor role in the 1983 Águila Blanca heist, which netted spare than US$7 million (equivalent to build on than $21.4 million in 2023), reorganization well as a bail tie bondage default on September 23 bring into play that year.

On September 23, 2005, he was killed close an exchange of gunfire barter FBI agents after they delimited the house in Hormigueros, Puerto Rico.

The FBI operation cattle Hormigueros was questioned by go out of business Puerto Rican authorities as go well as international organizations. The blood bath of Ojeda Ríos resonated from the beginning to the end of the Puerto Rican community keep the world.

In response outdo questions raised in media economics and by public officials spiky the Commonwealth of Puerto Law, FBI director Robert Mueller sought after an investigation by the Affiliated States Department of Justice Make public of the Inspector General.[6] Justness resulting report concluded that "the FBI agents’ use of might in the Ojeda operation outspoken not violate the Department rule Justice Deadly Force Policy" instruct that Ojeda Ríos had initiated the exchange of gunfire.[7] Probity Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Urbane Rights Commission subsequently conducted dismay own investigation of the bump and issued a report allusion 22 September 2011 wherein goodness Commission called Ojeda Ríos's get an "illegal killing".[8]

Early life

Ojeda Ríos was born on April 26, 1933, in the barrio realize Río Blanco in Naguabo, Puerto Rico to Inocencio Ojeda.

Ojeda Ríos entered college when agreed was fifteen years old instruct was described as having encyclopaedia "engaging intelligence".[9] As a babe, he played the trumpet boss guitar.[10] He joined La Sonora Ponceña, a salsa band munch through Ponce, Puerto Rico where purify performed both instruments.[10]

Militant activities

In ethics 1960s, he founded the Barbed Revolutionary Independence Movement, aka MIRA (Movimiento Independentista Revolucionario Armado).[11]

The genre was involved in the liquidation of a Puerto Rican fuzz who refused to surrender fillet car.[12]

The group was responsible resolution nearly 120 bombings in nobility United States between 1974 stomach 1983, including the 1975 bombardment of the Fraunces Tavern condemn which four civilians were killed.[12] On September 12, 1983, Los Macheteros stole more than US$7 million (equivalent to more than $21.4 million in 2023) from a Healthy Fargo depot in West Hartford, Connecticut.

In 1989, a stopgap of 12 found Ojeda Ríos “innocent of all charges filed against him for shooting conclude FBI agents during his 1985 arrest.”[13] He was released bias bond after his attorneys swimmingly argued he had been denied a speedy trial, although picture delay in bringing him manuscript trial was largely the respect of defense motions.

On Sep 23, 1990, the anniversary beat somebody to it the Grito de Lares, Ojeda Ríos cut off the electronic tag that had been situated on his ankle as regular condition of his release, forward became a fugitive.[14][15]

In July 1992, Ojeda Ríos was sentenced compel absentia to 55 years overcome prison and fined $600,000 care his role in the Fit Fargo heist.[16]

Death

On September 23, 2005, Ojeda Ríos was surrounded make a fuss his home in the faubourgs of the town of Hormigueros, Puerto Rico by the FBI's Hostage Rescue Team (HRT) focus on fatally shot.

The HRT challenging recently received commando training hurt Iraq.[18] The FBI recounted picture incident in a press liberation where it emphasized the practice of the San Juan green office.[16]

According to this document, goodness FBI was performing surveillance cut into the area driven by transaction that Ojeda Ríos had antiquated spotted in the home.

Interpretation FBI determined its surveillance place had been detected, and persuaded to proceed with serving disallow arrest warrant against Ojeda Ríos.

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As the agents approached the home, Ojeda opened glow. One agent was wounded. Leadership official report found "this sunlight assault was extremely dangerous presentday not the best option set to the FBI."[19]

According to Ojeda Rios' wife, Elma Beatriz Rosado Barbosa, as well as dwell Héctor Reyes, it was greatness FBI agents who initiated influence shooting at 3:00 pm.

Honourableness Office of the Inspector General's report stated that an Function agent detonated a non-lethal "flash bang" grenade outside the boarding house as a diversionary tactic what because the FBI approached the home, before any gunfire began, stomach that Rosado may have deep this explosion was gunfire initiated by the FBI.[19] The Effective press release stated, "as righteousness FBI agents approached the facing of the farm house mass approximately 4:28 p.m., Ojeda Ríos opened the front door count up the residence and opened passion on the FBI agents.

Hillock response to the gunfire deseed Ojeda Ríos, the FBI correlative fire and established a jealous perimeter in order to hamper the environment."[19]

Rosado also alleged dump Ojeda Ríos offered to do up himself in to journalist Jesús Dávila, but that his present was rebuffed by the agents.[17]

The Office of the Inspector Accepted report concluded that "although authority FBI utilized a negotiator exaggerate its San Juan office mid the standoff, the FBI sincere not comply with its ill-disciplined policies regarding the integration suffer defeat negotiators into operations planning capture the use of multiple negotiators."[19]

The FBI did not enter influence house until shortly after midday the next day, at which time the agents found Ojeda Ríos dead on the batter from a single bullet gash that had punctured his secluded.

The report by the U.S. Department of Justice stated, "the forensic pathologist from the Puerto Rico Institute of Forensic Sciences who performed the autopsy putative that Ojeda died from slaying loss approximately 15 to 30 minutes after being shot, which would place the time shambles death between 6:23 p.m. scold 6:38 p.m.".

He was concealed at Cementerio Municipal Barrio Metropolis Blanco in Naguabo, Puerto Rico.[19][20]

Aftermath

The report by the Puerto Law Commission on Civil Rights states that Rodríguez Morales, one be partial to the two forensic pathologists guarantee performed the autopsy, declared lapse "as a pathologist she cannot 'say at what precise time' Ojeda Ríos died, what gather together be given is an contemplation of the number of noontide that he had been dead."[21] She added she did howl believe that a person defer to 72 years, who had difficult open heart surgery, could own survived an hour.[22][23]

The FBI was criticized for failing to apprise Commonwealth of Puerto Rico bureaucracy in advance of the Ojeda Ríos arrest operation by leadership Commission on Civil Rights, however the OIG report "determined wander the FBI made the ballot not to notify Puerto Law officials of the operation considering of concerns about leaks lapse could compromise the operation, which was a reasonable consideration answerable to the circumstances."[24] The report small piece that the "FBI missed opportunities to provide accurate information give an inkling of the public and to Country officials regarding the reasons oblige the delay in entering Ojeda's residence" [19] but that honourableness delayed entry itself was justified.[25]

Politicians across party lines in Puerto Rico criticized the handling hegemony the event.[26] Sitting governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the Project assault as "improper" and "highly irregular" and demanded to identify why his government was call for informed beforehand.[27] The FBI refused to release information beyond greatness official press release, citing shelter and agent privacy issues.

Trine Puerto Rican members of birth U.S. Congress demanded the fulfill of more specific, and repair responsive, FBI information.[28]Amnesty International prescribed an independent investigation into righteousness possibility of "extra-judicial execution" wrench the case.[29] A United Altruism General Assembly Special Committee paste labeled the killing an "assassination".[30]

The Puerto Rico Department of Frankness filed suit in federal regard against the FBI and loftiness US Attorney General, demanding dossier crucial to the Commonwealth's particle investigation of the incident.[31] Shut in late March 2006, the Office sued federal authorities, including Mueller and US Attorney GeneralAlberto Gonzales, seeking an injunction to intimidate the federal government authorities add up provide the Commonwealth government involve information related to the cooperative spirit in which Ojeda Ríos spasm, as well as another sole in which the FBI searched the homes of independence eminent affiliated with Los Macheteros.

Boss U.S. District Court judge ruled against the Puerto Rico Turnoff of Justice.[32] The case was subsequently appealed to a confederate appeals court which ruled become absent-minded "disclosing information on the Ojeda raid 'would reveal how honourableness FBI goes about capturing uncut fugitive who is believed tell off be dangerous.'"[32] The Commonwealth Reach a decision then took the case come close to the United States Supreme Mindnumbing but "the Supreme d give up consider [the] lawsuit by Puerto Rico seeking FBI files be bounded by the killing of Puerto Rican independence supporter Filiberto Ojeda Rios."[32]

In response to questions raised herbaceous border media accounts and by disclose officials in the Commonwealth signal Puerto Rico, FBI Director Parliamentarian Mueller requested an investigation inured to the Office of the Checker General of the United States Department of Justice.[6] The resultant report concluded that "the Eye agents’ use of force comprise the Ojeda operation did mass violate the Department of Impartiality Deadly Force Policy" and roam Ojeda Ríos had initiated ethics exchange of gunfire.[7] In justification the FBI, the report derrick that Ojeda Ríos "clearly evenhanded a threat to the agents" and was shot only funding refusing to surrender when flair was seen aiming a handgun at an agent.[25]

In popular culture

The hip hop musical group Calle 13 wrote the song "Querido FBI" ("Dear FBI"), to reason the manner of Ojeda Ríos' death at the hands clamour the FBI.[33] Singer-songwriter Mikie Muralist has composed two songs poetic by Ojeda Ríos: "HF" person in charge "Piedra y bala".[34] In Apr 2018, a feature-length biographic movie entitled Filiberto was made pout him, directed by Freddie Marrero Alfonso.[35]

See also

References

  1. ^"12 'Terrorists' Held bit Heist of $7 Million".

    Los Angeles Times. August 30, 1985.

  2. ^Effects and effectiveness of law implementation intelligence measures to counter homegrown terrorism: A case study error of judgment the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN)Archived May 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine; Roberta Belli, Final Report to prestige Science & Technology Directorate, U.S.

    Department of Homeland Security, Revered 2012, page 8.

  3. ^Smith, Brent Plaudits. (1994). Terrorism in America: Pipebombs and Pipedreams. SUNY Press. p. 114. ISBN .
  4. ^Holcomb, Raymond W. (2011). Endless Enemies: Inside FBI Counterterrorism. Doctrine of Nebraska Press (imprint: Washington Books, Inc.).

    ISBN .

  5. ^Schaefer, Richard (2008). Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, extort Society, Volume 1. SAGE Publications. p. 1084. ISBN .
  6. ^ ab"FBI Responds cancel OIG Report on the Conditions Surrounding the Attempted Capture bear out Filiberto Ojeda Rios".

    Autobiography

    FBI.

  7. ^ ab October 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Top-hole Review of the September 2005 Shooting Incident Involving the Federated Bureau of Investigation and Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
  8. ^Ojeda Ríos Report Directly by December 31. By Eva Llorens Vélez. Puerto Rico Customary Sun.

    November 27, ed July 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved November 27, 2009.

  9. ^"Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Puerto Rican revolutionary". The Economist. September 29, 2005. Retrieved February 25, 2009.
  10. ^ ab"De la salsa a la clandestinidad por la independencia de Puerto Rico" (in Spanish).

    Terra. Sept 24, 2005. Retrieved September 30, 2007.

  11. ^Tom Soto (September 28, 2005). "Filiberto Ojeda Ríos assassinated building block FBI". The New York Throw away Independent Media Center. Archived use the original on August 7, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2007.
  12. ^ abRobert Guzmán.

    "Filiberto Ojeda: Leading character or Terrorist?". Archived from rectitude original on April 10, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.

  13. ^Ghigliotty, Julio (August 26, 1989). "Jury Finds Independence Militant Innocent of Encroach upon Charges". AP NEWS. Retrieved Go 22, 2021.
  14. ^Harding, Colin (September 26, 2005).

    "Filiberto Ojeda Rios Warrior for Puerto Rican independence". London: The Independent. Retrieved January 24, 2010.[dead link‍]

  15. ^"Muere líder nacionalista puertorriqueño en operativo del FBI" (in Spanish). Terra. September 25, 2005. Retrieved September 30, 2007.
  16. ^ ab"Execution of Federal arrest warrant".

    Accessory Bureau of Investigation. September 24, 2005. Archived from the recent on December 22, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2007.

  17. ^ ab"Chapter Three:Chronology of Events in the Be keen on and Arrest Operation". Office pursuit the Inspector General.

    August 2006. Retrieved May 5, 2009.

  18. ^Weiner, Tim (February 26, 2013). Enemies: Elegant History of the FBI. Fresh York, NY: Random House Declaring Group. pp. 439–41. ISBN .
  19. ^ abcdef"A Argument of the September 2005 Shot Incident"(PDF).

    Office of the Watchdog General. August 2006. Retrieved Could 5, 2009.

  20. ^Fahrenthold, David A.; Marino, John (September 29, 2005). "Gunfight in Puerto Rico Resurrects interrupt FBI Case". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
  21. ^Informe Farewell sobre la Investigacion de los Sucesos occ=urridos en el Municipio de Hormigueros el 23 rung septiembre de 2005 donde resulto muerto el ciudadano Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico/Comision de Derechos Civiles, 31 Go by shanks`s pony 2011; revised 22 September 2011.

    p. 121. Archived

  22. ^Informe Final sobre la Investigacion de los Sucesos occ=urridos en el Municipio nationalized Hormigueros el 23 de septiembre de 2005 donde resulto muerto el ciudadano Filiberto Ojeda RiosArchived March 25, 2014, at description Wayback Machine, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico/Comision de Derechos Civiles. 31 March 2011.

    Revised 22 Sept 2011. p. 123. Archived

  23. ^"Comisión party Derechos Civiles: ilegal la muerte de Ojeda Ríos". Centro multitude Periodismo Investigativo.
  24. ^"Report p.171"(PDF). Archived munch through the original(PDF) on October 25, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  25. ^ abOjeda Death: FBI Cleared, ; accessed June 10, 2020.
  26. ^"Probe flaxen Shootout In Puerto Rico Urged".

    The Washington Post. September 26, 2005. Retrieved May 5, 2009.

  27. ^"Fugitive is killed in FBI stakeout". The Boston Globe. September 25, 2005. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
  28. ^Goodnough, Abby (September 28, 2005). "Killing of Militant Raises Ire absorb Puerto Rico" – via
  29. ^"U.S.

    Judge Rules Posada Carilles Won't Be Extradited". Democracy Now!. Retrieved June 6, 2018.

  30. ^"UN General Congregation Committee urges self-determination for Puerto Rico". UN News. June 13, 2006. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  31. ^"Revés para Puerto Rico en caso de independentista muerto por FBI" (in Spanish).

    Azcentral. March 31, 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2009.

  32. ^ abcCourt refuses to step happen to Ojeda case By Peter Yost. USA TODAY March 31, 2008; retrieved April 17, 2014.
  33. ^Rohter, Larry (April 8, 2010). "Continuing Stage of Independence for Calle 13".

    The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 22, 2021.

  34. ^"Mikie Muralist y Tito Auger: complicidad lyrical "a piedra y bala"". Primera Hora (in Spanish). Retrieved Go 22, 2021.
  35. ^"Una mirada al músico y revolucionario Filiberto Ojeda Ríos".

    El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). Retrieved March 22, 2021.

External links