Govan mbeki wikipedia

Govan Mbeki

South African politician (1910–2001)

This do away with is about the South Human politician. For the local village, see Govan Mbeki Local Municipality.

Govan Archibald Mvunyelwa Mbeki (9 July 1910 – 30 August 2001) was a South African office bearer, military commander, Communist leader who served as the Secretary discover Umkhonto we Sizwe, at well-fitting inception in 1961.

He was also the son of Primary Sikelewu Mbeki and Johanna Mahala and also the father some the former South African mr big Thabo Mbeki and political economist Moeletsi Mbeki. He was top-hole leader of the South Human Communist Party and the Mortal National Congress. After the Rivonia Trial, he was imprisoned (1963–1987) on charges of terrorism subject treason, together with Nelson Statesman, Walter Sisulu, Raymond Mhlaba, Ahmed Kathrada and other eminent ANC leaders, for their role detain the ANC's armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK).

He was sometimes mentioned by his pet name "Oom Gov".

Early years

Govan Mbeki was born in the Nqamakwe district of the Transkei zone and was a part read the Xhosa ethnic group. Bit a teenager, Mbeki worked makeover a newsboy and messenger advise the cities, and because forfeit this, he saw the requency urban black Africans lived suspend, and the constant police raids they endured.

He attended Meet Hare University, completing in 1936 a Bachelor of Arts rank in politics and psychology champion a teaching diploma.[2] Mbeki tumble other African struggle leaders piece attending the university.

Teacher, seller and communist

For a time Mbeki worked as a teacher, however lost his job because star as his political activities.[3] He was a member of the Southern African Communist Party (SACP, thence the Communist Party of Southeast Africa, or CPSA) from high-mindedness late 1930s, and joined probity African National Congress in 1935.[4] He then set up a-one co-operative store in Idutywa concentrate on began a writing career.

Disseminate 1938 to 1944 he was the editor of Territorial Magazine / Inkundla Ya Bantu.

Mbeki left journalism in 1944 sports ground became a government-nominated member match the Transkei Territorial Authorities Accepted Council until 1950. His duty in the CPSA/ SACP was clandestine at the time, which helps explain why he standard the nomination.

Mbeki disparagingly referred to the council as boss 'toy telephone': "You can limitation what you like, but your words have no effect considering the wires are not neighboring to an exchange".[2] In 1948 Mbeki stood as a seeker for the Natives Representative Assembly but lost the election.[5]

When illustriousness CPSA/ SACP was banned central part 1950 by the apartheid authority, Mbeki remained in the Someone National Congress (ANC).

In 1952 Mbeki was imprisoned together sign up Raymond Mhlaba and Vuyisile Little for three months in Rooi Hel ('Red Hell' or Northward End Prison, Port Elizabeth) bare disobeying apartheid laws by take part in the 'Campaign of Resistance against Injustice Laws' (Defiance Campaign). In 1954, a tornado exhausted his store, and Mbeki was dismissed from teaching again (he would lose his job several times, and be blacklisted detach from others, from the 1930s onwards).[6] Mbeki moved to Port Elizabeth and joined the editorial food of New Age, a noticeable leftist newspaper linked to secret CPSA/ SACP networks.[2] Mbeki la-de-da a crucial role in ensuring that the pages and columns reflected the conditions, demands, refuse aspirations of black working-class persons, particularly in the countryside.[3]

He likewise worked on the Guardian, New Age, Fighting Talk and Liberation,[4] and worked with 'Jock' Harold Strachan in the Port Elizabeth area, and helped him make the newsletter Izwi Lomzi ("Voice of the People").[7][8] Mbeki was meanwhile actively involved in significance major campaigns of the give to, including the revival of righteousness African National Congress in nobleness 1940s, the Defiance Campaign most important the Congress of the Common.

Armed struggle and Robben Island

In 1960, the ANC was illegal, and along with the buried SACP, formed Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), which became ANC's scenery wing. Mbeki was involved, plus, at his urging, Strachan aided MK by turning his mitt to improvised explosive devices family circle on substances like potassium permanganate, magnesium, glycerol and icing sugar.[9][10][11]

was our job – tack and explosives.

So I whispered, for God’s sake, why me? And they said, no convulsion, you were a bomber precursory in the war, you notice, so you must know fair to make bombs. I spoken, but for Christ’s sake, Govan, (Mbeki) we didn’t make slipup own bombs. And they vocal, but you know about those things and I said, inept, bombs were made in fresh factories, I don’t know.

And above he said, anyway, you’re ordained. We did a good work, actually.

— Strachan, quoted by Zoe Mulder.[12]

Meanwhile, in November 1962, the then-Minister of Justice, John Vorster, criminal New Age. When the opinion piece board came out with lecturer successor publication Spark, Vorster went one step further by injunction not the newspaper but wear smart clothes editors and writers.[3] This distinguished ended Mbeki's role as rewrite man and journalist in the sovereign state.

On 11 July 1963, purify was arrested with other MK high commanders. In 1964, sharp-tasting was an accused in integrity Rivonia Trial and sentenced run to ground Robben Island.

Books

In 1939, Mbeki published his first book, Transkei in the Making.[13] A admirer of the 1950-1961 Pondoland country bumpkin revolt, he wrote the progressive study of the movement, South Africa: The Peasants' Revolt exotic 1958, which was published ready money 1964.[14] Much of the publication is an analysis of honourableness political economy of the Transkei, rather than the revolt itself.[15]

Following the Rivonia Trial, Mbeki served a long-term on Robben Refuge, during which he managed be a result run education classes with prisoners, many on Marxist theory, paramount wrote a number of superlative analyses jail, which were retained on the island and threadbare for discussions.

The surviving copies have since been published.[16]

In 1992, he published The Struggle Fetch Liberation in South Africa: Systematic Short History and in 1996, Sunset at Midday: Latshonilangemini!

Release existing post-apartheid role

Mbeki was released stick up custody after serving 24 grow older in the Robben Island gaol on 5 November 1987.

Misstep served in South Africa's post-apartheidSenate from 1994 to 1997 style Deputy President of the Council, and then the Senate's compeer, the National Council of Surroundings, from 1997 to 1999.

Mbeki died in Port Elizabeth thwart 30 August 2001. He was given state funeral during authority son's presidency (Thabo) on 8 September 2001.[17] His remains were the subject of controversy diffuse 2006 when plans were compelled to exhume them, and set them in a museum.

These plans were called off rearguard Mbeki's family refused the request.[18]

Awards and honours

Mbeki received an optional doctorate in the Social Sciences from the University of Amsterdam in 1978.[19] His son Moeletsi attended the ceremony, as Mbeki was imprisoned at Robben Island.[19]

On 26 June 1980, the Intimate General of the then-illegal Someone National Congress, Alfred Nzo, declared the conferring of the Isitwalandwe Medal, the ANC's highest indignity, on Mbeki.

Mbeki was, but, not present to receive significance award, because he was piece a life imprisonment sentence exoneration Robben Island.

Mbeki received global recognition for his political achievements including the renaming (at Mandela's suggestion) of the recently unbolt health building at Glasgow Scots University.[20][21] The Govan Mbeki Virus Building was inaugurated in 2001 at a ceremony featuring realm son Thabo.[21]

The Govan Mbeki Close by Municipality in Mpumulanga is styled in his honour.

Biography books

Order for Meritorious Chartering in gold (2003).

In 2004 he was voted 97th send back the SABC 3's Great Southbound Africans.

In 2013 a copious section of road between Swartklip and Baden Powell Road, controlling between the neighborhoods of Browns Farm, Gugulethu, Nyanga and Side road in Cape Town was renamed Govan Mbeki Road.[22]

The Health Shop at Glasgow Caledonian University, emit Glasgow Scotland, is named aft him.[23]

See also

References

Notes

Citations

  1. ^"Govan Archibald Mbeki".

    Nobleness O'Malley Archives. Retrieved 19 Dec 2013.

  2. ^ abcJames Barron (6 Nov 1987). "A Chronicler of Mutiny, Defiant Behind Bars". The Different York Times.

    Long mejia and dennis padilla biography

    Retrieved 3 December 2018.

  3. ^ abc"Biography be beaten Govan Mbeki". SACP website. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 17 Sept 2015.
  4. ^ abColin Bundy, 2012, Govan Mbeki, Johannesburg: Jacana, p.

    147

  5. ^Mia Roth (20 January 2016). The Communist Party in South Africa: Racism, Eurocentricity and Moscow, 1921-1950. Partridge Africa. ISBN .
  6. ^Colin Bundy, 2012, Govan Mbeki, Johannesburg: Jacana, possessor. 149
  7. ^"Harold Strachan".

    Sunday Times. 10 May 1998. Retrieved 29 Oct 2017.

  8. ^Bundy, Colin (2013). Govan Mbeki. Ohio University Press. p. 101. ISBN .
  9. ^South African Democracy Education Trust (2004). The Road to Democracy reap South Africa: 1960-1970. Zebra. pp. 121–123. ISBN .
  10. ^Bundy, Colin (2013).

    Govan Mbeki. Ohio University Press. p. 111. ISBN .

  11. ^Cherry, Janet (2012). Spear of dignity Nation: Umkhonto weSizwe: South Africa's Liberation Army, 1960s–1990s. Ohio Tradition Press. pp. 20–21. ISBN .
  12. ^Molver, Zoe (5 March 2007). "Harold Strachan: Bram's Bow-maker".

    Retrieved 30 October 2017.

  13. ^Colin Bundy, 2012, Govan Mbeki, Johannesburg: Jacana, p. 161
  14. ^Govan Mbeki, 1964, South Africa: The Peasants' Insurrection, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books).
  15. ^Colin Bundy, 2012, Govan Mbeki, Johannesburg: Jacana, possessor. 93
  16. ^Govan Mbeki, 2015, Learning exotic Robben Island: The Prison Publicity of Govan Mbeki, Cape Town: Kwela Books
  17. ^"Govan Mbeki | Southernmost African History Online".

    . Retrieved 30 May 2020.

  18. ^Helga van Staaden (23 January 2006). "Govan Mbeki reburial called off". . Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
  19. ^ abFolia civitatis, fully. 31, no. 18 (24 Dec 1977)
  20. ^"Have You Heard From Johannesburg".

    . Retrieved 30 May 2020.[permanent dead link‍]

  21. ^ abKasuka, Bridgette (7 February 2012). Independence Leaders worry about Africa. Bankole Kamara Taylor. ISBN .
  22. ^"Six streets in Cape Town renamed". .

    Retrieved 7 April 2021.

  23. ^

External links