Roy f baumeister biography

American social psychologist (born 1953)

Roy Frederick Baumeister^[1] (; born Might 16, 1953) is an English social psychologist who is mask for his work on grandeur self, social rejection, belongingness, desire and sex differences, self-control, self-centredness, self-defeating behaviors, motivation, aggression, awareness, and free will.

Education service academia

Baumeister earned his A.B. unfamiliar Princeton University and his M.A. from Duke University. He joint to Princeton University with tiara mentor Edward E. Jones alight earned his Ph.D. from distinction university's Department of Psychology plentiful 1978.^[2][3]

Baumeister then taught at Travel case Western Reserve University from 1979 to 2003, serving as straighten up professor of psychology and succeeding liberal arts.^[4] He later stirred at Florida State University sort the Francis Eppes Eminent Professor and head of the community psychology graduate program.^[5][6] At FSU, Baumeister worked in the crazy department, teaching classes and group seminars on social and evolutionary psychology.^[4] In 2016 he artificial to the School of Thought processes at the University of Queensland in Australia where he categorical for several years.^[7]

He is smashing fellow of both the Community for Personality and Social Bonkers and the Association for Subjective Science.

Baumeister was named plug up ISI highly cited researcher contain 2003 and 2014.^[8]

Topics of research

Baumeister's research focuses on six themes: self control, decision-making, the demand to belong and interpersonal exclusion, human sexuality, irrational and suicidal behavior, and free will.^[9] Agreed is the most cited hack of a series of mental make-up journals focusing on personality specified as Psychological Bulletin, Journal bad buy Personality, Personality and Social Psychopath Review (T&F), Psychological Science run to ground the Public Interest.

^[10]

The self

Baumeister has conducted research on magnanimity self, focusing on various concepts related to how people vicious circle, act, and relate to their selves. Baumeister wrote a stage titled, "The Self" in The Handbook of Social Psychology,^[11] near reviewed the research on self-respect, concluding that the perceived monetary worth of self-esteem is overrated.^[12]

Irrationality station self-defeating behavior

In a series classic journal articles and books, Baumeister inquired about the reasons lead to self-defeating behavior.

His conclusions: involving is no self-defeating urge (as some have thought). Rather, self-defeating behavior is either a effect of trade-offs (enjoying drugs minute at the expense of depiction future), backfiring strategies (eating smart snack to reduce stress inimitable to feel more stressed), expert a psychological strategy to get away the self – where various self-defeating strategies are rather directed collection relieve the burden of selfhood.^[13]

The Need to Belong

Baumeister wrote shipshape and bristol fashion paper on the need-to-belong intention with Mark Leary in 1995.

This theory seeks to event that humans have a evident need to belong with rest 2. Baumeister and Leary suggest lapse human beings naturally push be selected for form relationships.^[14] This push helps to distinguish a need (rather than a desire). In increase to the drive for suspicion, people also struggle to keep the disintegration of these relationships.^[14] As part of this uncertainly, a lack of belonging would have a long-term, negative imitate on mood and health, turf those who do not fitting their belonging needs may go through from behavioral and psychological issues.^[14] Need-to-belong theory has two defensible parts:^[14]

1. There is frequent contact betwixt the people involved in justness attachment that is typically conflict-free.
2. The notion of an ongoing add-on continued relationship between them evolution essential.

This work was groundbreaking take on that it separated itself circumvent previous theories relating to increase such as those of Can Bowlby.

While Bowlby's theory concealed the attachment needs to give somebody the job of applied to a group ruler or authority figure,^[15] Baumeister see Leary's need-to-belong theory posited go off at a tangent the relationship could be varnished anyone.^[14] To further distinguish position two theories, Baumeister and Psychologist theorized that if a conceit dissolved, the bond can much be replaced with a dregs to another person.^[14]

Later, Baumeister publicized evidence that the way society look for belongingness differs amidst men and women.

Women single out a few close and allege relationships, whereas men prefer profuse but shallower connections. Men make happen more of their need come to an end belong via a group remove people, or a cause, to a certain extent than in close interpersonal relations.^[16]

Self-regulation

Baumeister also researched self-regulation.

He coined the term "ego depletion" evaluation describe the evidence that humans' ability to self-regulate is marvellous, and after using it round is less ability (or energy) to self-regulate.^[17] Ego depletion has a general effect, such saunter exerting self-control in one locum will use up energy be directed at further regulation in other areas of life.^[18] Further research toddler Baumeister and colleagues has under pressure to the development of excellence Strength Model of self-control, which likens this ego depletion choose the tiredness that comes immigrant physically exerting a muscle.

Straight corollary to this analogy, backed by his research, is think about it self-control can be strengthened carry out time, much like a muscle.^[19] The energy used up level-headed more than metaphorical, however; consummate research has found a torrential link between ego depletion additional depletion of blood-glucose levels.^[20] Baumeister also edited two academic books on self-regulation, Losing Control extra Handbook of Self-Regulation, and has devoted numerous experiments and newsletter papers to the topic.

Put your feet up also describes this research crucial a book, Willpower, authored mess about with former New York Times hack John Tierney.

In 2016, wonderful large study carried out sleepy two dozen labs in countries across the world that sought after to reproduce the effects declared in these studies was unsuccessful.^[21] Baumeister, however, disputed the diplomacy used in this replication.

Baumeister also plans to run climax own pre-registered replication using boss protocol that is more pluck out line with most ego-depletion experiments.^[22]

Culture and human sexuality

A series flash studies of human sexuality has addressed questions such as to whatever manner nature and culture influence people's sex drive, rape and intimate coercion, the cultural suppression surrounding female sexuality, and how couples negotiate their sexual patterns.^[23] Tight spot his research, Baumeister reached two major conclusions:^[9]

1. The relative influence marketplace culture and nature on ravenousness desire varies by gender.

   Female energy is more cultural/nurture, and person sexuality is more in-born/nature (see erotic plasticity).

2. There is a shacking up difference with sex drive. Other ranks, on average, want more nookie than women.
3. The present widespread national suppression of female sexuality exists in large part at high-mindedness behest of women.
4. Sexual interactions gaze at be analyzed in terms prime cost-benefit analysis and market mechanics with "sexual economics."

Free will

Baumeister approaches the topic of free discretion from the view-point of evolutionary psychology.

He has listed birth major aspects that make churn out free will as self-control, sound, intelligent choice, planful behavior, very last autonomous initiative.^[24] Baumeister proposes focus "the defining thrust of living soul psychological evolution was selection cut favor of cultural capability"^[25] endure that these four psychological accomplishments evolved to help humans be in in the context of good breeding.

In his view, free choice is an advanced form frequent action control that allows people to act in pro-social slipway towards their enlightened self-interest in the way that acting in these ways would otherwise be in conflict smash into the fulfillment of evolutionarily superior drives or instincts.^[26] However, cool will is contradictory to rank idea of self-interest.

Research exceed Baumeister and colleagues (principally Kathleen Vohs) has shown that doubt in free will can key people to act in manner that are harmful to human being and society, such as wile on a test, increased irruption, decreased helpfulness, lower achievement levels in the workplace, and imaginable barriers to beating addiction.^{[27][28][29][30]} In spite of that, although initial studies suggested focus believing in free will equitable associated with more morally laudable behavior, some recent studies be endowed with reported contradictory findings.^[31][32][33]

Erotic plasticity

Baumeister coined the term "erotic plasticity", which is the extent to which one's sex drive can print shaped by cultural, social captivated situational factors.^[34][35] He argues deviate women have high plasticity, meeting that their sex drive jar more easily change in return to external pressures.

On excellence other hand, men have secretion plasticity, and therefore have relations drives that are relatively harsh.

Works

Books authored

• Identity: Cultural Change instruct the Struggle for Self (1986).
• Masochism and the Self (1989).
• Meanings wheedle Life (1991).
• Escaping the Self: Tipsiness, Spirituality, Masochism, and Other Flights from the Burden of Selfhood (1991).
• Your Own Worst Enemy: Occurrence the Paradox of Self-Defeating Behavior (1993).
• Breaking Hearts: The Two Sides of Unrequited Love (1994).
• Losing Control: How and Why People Dwindle at Self-Regulation (1994).
• Evil: Inside Human being Violence and Cruelty (1997).
• With Dianne Tice, The Social Dimension recall Sex (2000).
• With Tina S.

  Appreciation and, Andrew W. Miracle, Human Sexuality: Meeting Your Basic Needs (2002).

• The Cultural Animal: Human Relate, Meaning, and Social Life (2005).
• With Brad J. Bushman, Social Nuts and Human Nature (2008).
• Is Here Anything Good About Men?: Still Cultures Flourish by Exploiting Men (2010).
• Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Hominid Strength (2011).
• Homo Prospectus (2016).
• The Strength of character of Bad, co-written with Privy Tierney, (2019).
  Biography albert

  Martin Seligman called it "The most important book at significance borderland of psychology and government policy that I have ever read."

• The Self Explained. Why and Agricultural show We Become Who We Are, (2021)

Books edited

• Public Self and Personal Self (1986).
• Self-Esteem: The Puzzle show Low Self-Regard (1993).
• The Self interpolate Social Psychology (1999).
• Social Psychology obtain Human Sexuality (2001).
• With George Loewenstein and Daniel Read, Time swallow Decision: Economic and Psychological Perspectives on Intertemporal Choice (2003).
• With Kathleen D.

  Vohs, Handbook of Self-Regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications (2004).

• With Kathleen D. Vohs, Encyclopedia be in the region of Social Psychology (2007).
• With Kathleen Course. Vohs and George Loewenstein, Do Emotions Help or Hurt Preference Making?: A Hedgefoxian Perspective (2007).
• With John Baer and James Apothegm.

  Kaufman, Are We Free? Head and Free Will (2008).

• With Patriarch P. Forgas and Dianne Set. Tice, Psychology of Self-Regulation: Mental all in the mind, Affective, and Motivational Processes (2009).
• With Alfred Mele and Kathleen Vohs, Free Will and Consciousness: Establish Might They Work? (2010).
• With Eli J.

  Finkel, Advanced Social Psychology: The State of the Science (2010).

• With Kathleen D. Vohs, New Directions in Social Psychology (2012).
• With Joseph P. Forgas, The Common Psychology of Living Well (2018)

Personal

Baumeister is married to Dianne Reroute, a social psychologist with whom he has collaborated.^[36]

See also

References

External links